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Alex Bendersky
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Physical Therapy Medical Abbreviations: Meanings, Full Forms and an A-Z List

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October 5, 2026
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Physical Therapy Medical Abbreviations: Meanings, Full Forms and an A-Z List

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Summary: A guide to physical therapy medical abbreviations. Explains the difference between PT and pt, and what Fx, FWW, SPT, OOB, WBAT, WFL, N/T, LRAD and CPT mean, with tables for weight-bearing status, assist levels, assistive devices and range of motion terms, the Joint Commission Do Not Use list, abbreviations that are easy to confuse, a searchable A-Z list of 275 abbreviations, documentation tips and FAQs.

In medical notes, uppercase PT means physical therapy or physical therapist, and lowercase pt means patient. Other common ones: Fx is fracture, FWW is front-wheeled walker, SPT is student physical therapist, OOB is out of bed, WBAT is weight bearing as tolerated, WFL is within functional limits and N/T is numbness and tingling or not tested.

Use the quick table below, the searchable lookup or the category tables. Because the same abbreviation can mean different things in different settings, a note should use only abbreviations your facility has approved, and never those on the Joint Commission Do Not Use list.

Most searched PT medical abbreviations

PT medical abbreviations people look up most
AbbreviationMeaningWhere you see it
PTPhysical therapy or physical therapist (uppercase)Referrals, plans of care, signatures
ptPatient (lowercase)Daily notes: “pt reports…”
FxFractureOrthopedic history and diagnoses
FWWFront-wheeled walkerGait and assistive device documentation
SPTStudent physical therapistClinical rotations and supervision notes
OOBOut of bedAcute care and inpatient mobility
WBATWeight bearing as toleratedPost-surgical and fracture orders
WFLWithin functional limitsObjective findings
N/TNumbness and tingling, or not testedSubjective complaints or objective findings; check the context
LRADLeast restrictive assistive deviceGait goals
CPTCurrent Procedural Terminology, the billing code setBilling. See our CPT codes library
TxTreatmentPlan section of notes
s/pStatus post (after a surgery or event)Surgical history
d/tDue toLinking a finding to its cause

Note: CPT is not a clinical abbreviation, but many people search for it alongside PT terms. It refers to the code set used to bill services.

What does PT mean in medical terms?

PT in uppercase usually stands for physical therapy or physical therapist. Lowercase pt, or Pt at the start of a sentence, means patient. In some settings PT also stands for prothrombin time (a blood test) or part-time, so check the context. To avoid mix-ups, many clinics write “patient” in full in the subjective section and reserve PT for the therapist. For the full PT note structure, see our SOAP note guide.

Search the A-Z list of physical therapy abbreviations

Type an abbreviation or a meaning, or filter by category. The full list is below the search box, so you can also scroll it.

A-Z list of physical therapy medical abbreviations
AbbreviationMeaningCategory
2WWTwo-wheeled walkerAssistive device
4WWFour-wheeled walkerAssistive device
6MWTSix-minute walk testDocumentation
A&OAlert and orientedDocumentation
AAROMActive-assisted range of motionRange of motion and movement
ABDAbductionRange of motion and movement
ACJAcromioclavicular jointAnatomy and joints
ACLAnterior cruciate ligamentAnatomy and joints
ACLRAnterior cruciate ligament reconstructionConditions and surgeries
ADAssistive deviceAssistive device
ADDAdductionRange of motion and movement
ADLActivities of daily livingDocumentation
AFOAnkle-foot orthosisOrthoses
AKAAbove-knee amputationConditions and surgeries
AmbAmbulation or ambulateMobility and assist level
APTAAmerican Physical Therapy AssociationDocumentation
AROMActive range of motionRange of motion and movement
ASIAAmerican Spinal Injury AssociationDocumentation
B / BilBilateralAnatomy and joints
BAPSBiomechanical ankle platform systemTreatment and exercise
BBSBerg Balance ScaleDocumentation
BIDTwice a dayDocumentation
BKABelow-knee amputationConditions and surgeries
BOSBase of supportMobility and assist level
BPBlood pressureDocumentation
BSCBedside commodeAssistive device
BwdBackwardMobility and assist level
c/oComplains ofDocumentation
C/SCervical spineAnatomy and joints
C-collarCervical collarOrthoses
CABGCoronary artery bypass graftConditions and surgeries
CADCoronary artery diseaseConditions and surgeries
CAM bootControlled ankle motion bootOrthoses
CCChief complaintDocumentation
CCSCardiovascular and pulmonary certified specialistDocumentation
CFCystic fibrosisConditions and surgeries
CGAContact guard assistMobility and assist level
CHFCongestive heart failureConditions and surgeries
CKCClosed kinetic chainTreatment and exercise
CMCCarpometacarpal jointAnatomy and joints
CNSCentral nervous systemAnatomy and joints
COGCenter of gravityMobility and assist level
COMCenter of massMobility and assist level
COPDChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseConditions and surgeries
CPCerebral palsy, or cold pack (check the context)Conditions and surgeries
CPCold pack (also cerebral palsy)Treatment and exercise
CPMContinuous passive motionTreatment and exercise
CPTCurrent Procedural Terminology (billing code set)Documentation
CRPSComplex regional pain syndrome (formerly RSD, reflex sympathetic dystrophy)Conditions and surgeries
CTRCarpal tunnel releaseConditions and surgeries
CVACerebrovascular accident (stroke)Conditions and surgeries
D/CDischargeDocumentation
d/tDue toDocumentation
DASHDisabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaireDocumentation
DBDumbbellTreatment and exercise
DCDischarge or discontinue; also doctor of chiropractic, so write it outDocumentation
DDDDegenerative disc diseaseConditions and surgeries
DFDorsiflexionRange of motion and movement
DIPDistal interphalangeal jointAnatomy and joints
DJDDegenerative joint diseaseConditions and surgeries
DMDiabetes mellitusConditions and surgeries
DMDDuchenne muscular dystrophyConditions and surgeries
DMEDurable medical equipmentDocumentation
DOBDate of birthDocumentation
DOIDate of injuryDocumentation
DOSDate of surgery or date of serviceDocumentation
DPTDoctor of physical therapyDocumentation
DVTDeep vein thrombosisConditions and surgeries
DxDiagnosisDocumentation
EHRElectronic health recordDocumentation
EMRElectronic medical recordDocumentation
EOBEdge of bedMobility and assist level
ERExternal rotationRange of motion and movement
ES / E-stimElectrical stimulationTreatment and exercise
ESWTExtracorporeal shockwave therapyTreatment and exercise
EvEversionRange of motion and movement
ExtExtensionRange of motion and movement
f/uFollow upDocumentation
FCRFlexor carpi radialisAnatomy and joints
FCUFlexor carpi ulnarisAnatomy and joints
FESFunctional electrical stimulationTreatment and exercise
FIMFunctional Independence MeasureDocumentation
FlexFlexionRange of motion and movement
FWBFull weight bearingWeight bearing
FwdForwardMobility and assist level
FWWFront-wheeled walkerAssistive device
FxFractureConditions and surgeries
GCSGeriatric certified specialistDocumentation
GHJGlenohumeral jointAnatomy and joints
HEPHome exercise programDocumentation
HKAFOHip-knee-ankle-foot orthosisOrthoses
HOBHead of bedMobility and assist level
Horiz ABDHorizontal abductionRange of motion and movement
Horiz ADDHorizontal adductionRange of motion and movement
HPHot packTreatment and exercise
HPIHistory of present illnessDocumentation
HRHeart rateDocumentation
HTNHypertensionConditions and surgeries
HVGSHigh-voltage galvanic stimulationTreatment and exercise
HxHistoryDocumentation
IIndependentMobility and assist level
IADLInstrumental activities of daily livingDocumentation
ICD-10International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (diagnosis codes)Documentation
IEInitial evaluationDocumentation
IFCInterferential currentTreatment and exercise
InvInversionRange of motion and movement
IontoIontophoresisTreatment and exercise
IRInternal rotationRange of motion and movement
ITBIliotibial bandAnatomy and joints
ITBSIliotibial band syndromeConditions and surgeries
KAFOKnee-ankle-foot orthosisOrthoses
LLeftAnatomy and joints
L/SLumbar spineAnatomy and joints
LAQLong-arc quadTreatment and exercise
LBQCLarge-base quad caneAssistive device
LCLLateral collateral ligamentAnatomy and joints
LELower extremityAnatomy and joints
LEFSLower Extremity Functional ScaleDocumentation
LLELeft lower extremityAnatomy and joints
LOALevel of assistDocumentation
LOBLoss of balanceMobility and assist level
LOSLength of stayDocumentation
LPLeg pressTreatment and exercise
LRADLeast restrictive assistive deviceAssistive device
LSOLumbosacral orthosisOrthoses
LTGLong-term goalDocumentation
LUELeft upper extremityAnatomy and joints
Max AMaximal assistMobility and assist level
MCMetacarpalAnatomy and joints
MCLMedial collateral ligamentAnatomy and joints
MCPMetacarpophalangeal jointAnatomy and joints
MDTMechanical Diagnosis and TherapyTreatment and exercise
MFRMyofascial releaseTreatment and exercise
MHPMoist hot packTreatment and exercise
MIMyocardial infarctionConditions and surgeries
Min AMinimal assistMobility and assist level
MmMuscleAnatomy and joints
MMTManual muscle testDocumentation
MobsJoint mobilizationsTreatment and exercise
Mod AModerate assistMobility and assist level
Mod IModified independentMobility and assist level
MOIMechanism of injuryDocumentation
MSMultiple sclerosis (can also mean morphine sulfate, so write it out in medication notes)Conditions and surgeries
MSKMusculoskeletalAnatomy and joints
MTMetatarsalAnatomy and joints
mTBIMild traumatic brain injuryConditions and surgeries
MVAMotor vehicle accidentConditions and surgeries
MWMMobilization with movementTreatment and exercise
N/TNumbness and tingling, or not tested (check the context)Documentation
NADNo acute distressDocumentation
NAGSNatural apophyseal glidesTreatment and exercise
NBQCNarrow-base quad caneAssistive device
NCSNeurologic certified specialistDocumentation
NDINeck Disability IndexDocumentation
NDTNeuro-developmental treatmentTreatment and exercise
NMESNeuromuscular electrical stimulationTreatment and exercise
NMRNeuromuscular re-educationTreatment and exercise
NPRSNumeric pain rating scaleDocumentation
NSAIDsNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugsConditions and surgeries
NWBNon-weight bearingWeight bearing
OAOsteoarthritisConditions and surgeries
OCSOrthopaedic certified specialistDocumentation
ODIOswestry Disability IndexDocumentation
OKCOpen kinetic chainTreatment and exercise
OOBOut of bedMobility and assist level
ORIFOpen reduction internal fixationConditions and surgeries
OTOccupational therapy or occupational therapistDocumentation
OTRRegistered occupational therapistDocumentation
PCLPosterior cruciate ligamentAnatomy and joints
PCSPediatric certified specialistDocumentation
PDParkinson's diseaseConditions and surgeries
PFPlantarflexionRange of motion and movement
PFPS / PFSPatellofemoral pain syndromeConditions and surgeries
PhonoPhonophoresisTreatment and exercise
PIPProximal interphalangeal jointAnatomy and joints
PMHx / PMHPast medical historyDocumentation
PNFProprioceptive neuromuscular facilitationTreatment and exercise
PNSPeripheral nervous systemAnatomy and joints
POCPlan of careDocumentation
PRNAs neededDocumentation
PROPronationRange of motion and movement
PROMPassive range of motionRange of motion and movement
PTPhysical therapy or physical therapist (uppercase)Documentation
pt / PtPatient (lowercase or capitalized, in a clinical note)Documentation
PTAPhysical therapist assistantDocumentation
PUWPick-up walkerAssistive device
PWBPartial weight bearingWeight bearing
QCQuad caneAssistive device
QDEvery day. On the Joint Commission Do Not Use list; write "daily"Documentation
QIDFour times a dayDocumentation
QSQuad setTreatment and exercise
RRightAnatomy and joints
r/oRule outDocumentation
RARheumatoid arthritisConditions and surgeries
RCRotator cuffAnatomy and joints
RCRRotator cuff repairConditions and surgeries
RDRadial deviationRange of motion and movement
RepsRepetitionsTreatment and exercise
RGOReciprocating gait orthosisOrthoses
RICERest, ice, compression, elevationConditions and surgeries
RLERight lower extremityAnatomy and joints
ROMRange of motionRange of motion and movement
RotRotationRange of motion and movement
RPTRegistered physical therapist (used in some regions)Documentation
RRRespiratory rateDocumentation
RSDReflex sympathetic dystrophy (now called CRPS)Conditions and surgeries
RTWReturn to workDocumentation
RUERight upper extremityAnatomy and joints
RWRolling walkerAssistive device
RxPrescription or treatmentDocumentation
SSupervisionMobility and assist level
S/LSidelyingMobility and assist level
s/pStatus post (after a surgery or event)Documentation
SAQShort-arc quadTreatment and exercise
SBSide bendingRange of motion and movement
SBAStand-by assistMobility and assist level
SBQCSmall-base quad caneAssistive device
SCStraight caneAssistive device
SCISpinal cord injuryConditions and surgeries
SCSSports certified specialistDocumentation
SI / SIJSacroiliac jointAnatomy and joints
SLPSpeech-language pathologistDocumentation
SLRStraight leg raiseTreatment and exercise
SNAGSSustained natural apophyseal glidesTreatment and exercise
SOBShortness of breathDocumentation
SPCSingle-point caneAssistive device
SpO2Oxygen saturationDocumentation
SPTStudent physical therapistDocumentation
STGShort-term goalDocumentation
STMSoft tissue mobilizationTreatment and exercise
STSSit to standMobility and assist level
SUPSupinationRange of motion and movement
SWStandard walkerAssistive device
T/SThoracic spineAnatomy and joints
TBThera-Band (also tuberculosis)Treatment and exercise
TBITraumatic brain injuryConditions and surgeries
TDWBTouch-down weight bearingWeight bearing
TENSTranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulationTreatment and exercise
TFLTensor fasciae lataeAnatomy and joints
THATotal hip arthroplastyConditions and surgeries
Ther ActTherapeutic activitiesTreatment and exercise
Ther ExTherapeutic exerciseTreatment and exercise
THRTotal hip replacementConditions and surgeries
TIATransient ischemic attackConditions and surgeries
TIDThree times a dayDocumentation
TKATotal knee arthroplastyConditions and surgeries
TKRTotal knee replacementConditions and surgeries
TLIFTransforaminal lumbar interbody fusionConditions and surgeries
TLSOThoracolumbosacral orthosisOrthoses
TMTreadmillTreatment and exercise
TMJTemporomandibular jointAnatomy and joints
Total ATotal assistMobility and assist level
TrxnTractionTreatment and exercise
TTWBToe-touch weight bearingWeight bearing
TUGTimed Up and Go testDocumentation
TxTreatmentDocumentation
UBUpper bodyAnatomy and joints
UBEUpper body ergometerTreatment and exercise
UDUlnar deviationRange of motion and movement
UEUpper extremityAnatomy and joints
UQUpper quadrantAnatomy and joints
USUltrasoundTreatment and exercise
VASVisual analog scaleDocumentation
VSVital signsDocumentation
w/WithDocumentation
w/oWithoutDocumentation
WBWeight bearingWeight bearing
WBATWeight bearing as toleratedWeight bearing
WBQCWide-base quad caneAssistive device
WC / w/cWheelchairAssistive device
WCSWomen's health certified specialistDocumentation
WFLWithin functional limitsDocumentation
WHOWrist-hand orthosisOrthoses
WNLWithin normal limitsDocumentation
WWWheeled walkerAssistive device

No match. Try fewer letters or a different category.

Abbreviations vary by facility and payer, so check your employer's approved list. This list is based on common clinical usage and cross-checked against published lists from WebPT, Clinicient and PT Progress.

Weight-bearing status abbreviations

Weight-bearing orders come from the surgeon or physician and tell you how much load a limb can take. Document the order exactly as written and write out any percentage.

Weight-bearing abbreviations
AbbreviationMeaningWhat it tells you
NWBNon-weight bearingNo weight through the limb
TDWBTouch-down weight bearingThe foot may touch the ground for balance only
TTWBToe-touch weight bearingToes touch the ground; same idea as TDWB in many facilities
PWBPartial weight bearingLimited weight, often given as a percentage or in pounds
WBATWeight bearing as toleratedWeight as comfort allows
FWBFull weight bearingNo restriction on weight

TTWB and TDWB are sometimes used interchangeably. If the order is unclear, ask the prescriber and document the clarification.

Assist-level and mobility abbreviations

Assist-level abbreviations
AbbreviationMeaningIn plain terms
IIndependentPatient does the task alone
Mod IModified independentAlone, but uses a device or takes extra time
SSupervisionSomeone watches; no physical help
SBAStand-by assistHelper stands close in case of a loss of balance
CGAContact guard assistHelper keeps hands on the patient for safety
Min AMinimal assistPatient does most of the task
Mod AModerate assistPatient and helper share the work
Max AMaximal assistHelper does most of the task
Total ATotal assistHelper does all of the task

Facilities and rating systems define the percentage of effort behind Min, Mod and Max differently, so follow your setting's scale and state it in the note when it affects billing or discharge decisions.

Assistive device abbreviations

Assistive device abbreviations
AbbreviationMeaning
FWWFront-wheeled walker
2WW / 4WWTwo-wheeled walker / four-wheeled walker
RWRolling walker
SWStandard walker
PUWPick-up walker
SPCSingle-point cane
QCQuad cane (small-base SBQC, large-base LBQC)
LRADLeast restrictive assistive device, used in gait goals
WC / w/cWheelchair

Range of motion and movement abbreviations

Range of motion abbreviations
AbbreviationMeaningWho moves the joint
AROMActive range of motionThe patient, with no help
AAROMActive-assisted range of motionThe patient, with some help
PROMPassive range of motionThe therapist; the patient relaxes
DF / PFDorsiflexion / plantarflexionAnkle up / ankle down
Inv / EvInversion / eversionSole turns in / out
ABD / ADDAbduction / adductionAway from / toward the midline
IR / ERInternal / external rotationRotation toward / away from the midline

Joint measurements are recorded in degrees. See our musculoskeletal SOAP notes guide for examples of how ROM is documented, and CPT 95852 for range of motion testing of the hand.

Joint Commission Do Not Use list

The Joint Commission's official Do Not Use list applies to all orders and medication-related documentation, whether handwritten or typed as free text. It is a safety rule, not a billing rule.

Joint Commission Do Not Use list
Do not useWhyWrite instead
U, u (unit)Mistaken for 0, 4 or ccunit
IU (international unit)Mistaken for IV or the number 10International Unit
Q.D., QD, q.d., qd (daily)Mistaken for each otherdaily
Q.O.D., QOD, q.o.d., qod (every other day)Mistaken for each otherevery other day
Trailing zero (X.0 mg)Decimal point is missedX mg
Lack of leading zero (.X mg)Decimal point is missed0.X mg
MSO4 and MgSO4Can mean morphine sulfate or magnesium sulfatemorphine sulfate or magnesium sulfate

Trailing zeros may be used where precision is required, such as lab results, imaging studies and catheter or tube sizes, but never in medication orders.

PT abbreviations that are easy to confuse

Abbreviations with more than one meaning
AbbreviationPossible meaningsHow to avoid a mix-up
PT / ptPhysical therapist or therapy / patientWrite “patient” in full in narrative text
N/TNumbness and tingling / not testedWrite the full phrase in the subjective section
CPCold pack / cerebral palsyWrite out cerebral palsy in diagnoses
TBThera-Band / tuberculosisWrite “Thera-Band” in exercise notes
DCDischarge / discontinue / doctor of chiropracticUse D/C only for discharge, or write it out
MSMultiple sclerosis / morphine sulfateWrite out in any medication-related note
ROMRange of motion / rupture of membranes (obstetrics)Context is usually clear in PT notes
SISacroiliacUse “SIJ” or write out sacroiliac joint

How to use abbreviations in PT documentation

  • Use your facility's approved list. Payers and accreditors expect notes that other clinicians can read. Do not invent personal shorthand.
  • Write out anything ambiguous. When in doubt, spell it out, especially for diagnoses, medications and weight-bearing orders.
  • Be consistent. Use the same form every time (for example, always “WBAT”).
  • Pair abbreviations with measurements. “Pt ambulated 150 ft with FWW and CGA” is clearer than “pt ambulated with device”.
  • Keep medical necessity visible. Abbreviations should shorten a note, not hide the clinical reasoning that supports your plan of care.

A worked example: Pt s/p R TKA, WBAT. AROM R knee 5 to 95 degrees. Ambulated 150 ft with FWW and CGA. STG: ambulate 300 ft with LRAD and S in 2 wks. That one note uses seven abbreviations from the tables above.

More examples: musculoskeletal SOAP notes, neurological SOAP notes and pediatric SOAP notes. Speech therapists can see our SLP abbreviations list. For codes, browse our ICD-10 codes and CPT codes libraries, including ICD-10 codes for low back pain and right hip fracture.

Documenting faster with an EMR

Typing the same abbreviations all day adds up. SPRY's EMR and AI Scribe help therapists build SOAP notes from templates and spoken visits, with plans starting at $79 a month. See SOAP and documentation features or book a demo.

Frequently asked questions

What does PT mean in medical terms?

Uppercase PT means physical therapy or physical therapist. Lowercase pt means patient. Context decides, and many clinics write “patient” in full to avoid confusion.

What is the full form of PT in medical notes?

Physical therapy (the treatment) or physical therapist (the clinician). In lowercase it is short for patient.

What does Fx mean in medical terms?

Fx is short for fracture, for example “s/p Fx R tibia” means after a right tibia fracture.

What does FWW mean in physical therapy?

FWW means front-wheeled walker, a walker with wheels on the front legs that rolls forward without lifting.

What does SPT stand for in physical therapy?

SPT means student physical therapist: a DPT student treating patients on clinical rotation under a licensed therapist's supervision. Notes written by an SPT are typically co-signed by the supervising PT.

What does OOB mean?

OOB means out of bed, used to document mobility such as “OOB to chair”.

What does WBAT mean?

WBAT means weight bearing as tolerated: the patient may put as much weight on the limb as comfort allows.

What does WFL mean?

WFL means within functional limits. It is used when a finding is not perfectly normal but allows normal function, unlike WNL (within normal limits).

What does N/T mean in physical therapy?

N/T can mean numbness and tingling or not tested. Check the context, or write the phrase out.

What does LRAD mean in physical therapy?

LRAD means least restrictive assistive device, for example a goal to walk 300 ft with the least restrictive assistive device.

What is the difference between NWB and PWB?

NWB means non-weight bearing (no weight on the limb). PWB means partial weight bearing, with a limited amount of weight allowed, often specified as a percentage or in pounds.

Which abbreviations should never be used?

The Joint Commission's Do Not Use list includes U, IU, QD, QOD, trailing zeros, missing leading zeros, MSO4 and MgSO4 in orders and medication-related documentation.

Does CMS approve a list of PT abbreviations?

Individual facilities set their own approved abbreviation lists, so check your facility's policy rather than relying on a so-called CMS-approved list. Payers expect clear, supportable documentation, so write out anything ambiguous.

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